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📌 C2EN

The Rise of 'Slow Travel' and Anti-Tourism Backlash

A ready-to-use C2 English lesson — reading, questions and answer key, built by teachers on TeachIn.

This lesson has 3 sections in total — including the full answer key.

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📖 Reading

There is a particular breed of traveller who insists that the only journeys worth taking are those undertaken without a plan, a return date, or even a firm sense of destination. I confess I used to sneer at this philosophy, regarding it as a rather self-congratulatory pose adopted by people with more disposable time than sense. Then, three years ago, a cancelled flight stranded me in a nondescript provincial town for four unplanned days, and I was forced to eat my words along with an unexpectedly excellent bowl of noodles from a stall I would never otherwise have found. What that accidental detour taught me was that itineraries, for all their reassuring rigidity, tend to funnel travellers towards the same handful of monuments and vantage points, producing near-identical photographs and near-identical impressions. The tourist who dashes from cathedral to gallery to viewpoint, ticking off a list compiled by someone else entirely, risks experiencing a place at one remove, as though through glass. Wandering without a fixed agenda, by contrast, permits the sort of chance encounter that no guidebook could ever engineer: the elderly shopkeeper who insists on recounting the town's history in painstaking detail, or the side street that turns out to house the best bakery in the region. None of this is to suggest that planning is inherently misguided; a traveller with three days and a non-negotiable flight home cannot simply drift and hope for the best. Rather, the point is that even the most fastidiously organised trip ought to leave room for what might be called productive slack: an afternoon with nothing scheduled, a train missed on purpose, an invitation accepted on a whim. It is precisely in these interstices, these gaps between the planned events, that travel tends to yield its most memorable dividends. My stranded four days amounted to nothing that would impress anyone at a dinner party. I saw no famous landmark and acquired no souvenir worth mentioning. Yet I still recall, with a clarity that eludes me when I try to summon images of far grander trips, the precise angle of afternoon light on that noodle stall's awning, and the shopkeeper's stubborn insistence that his tea was superior to any I would find in the capital. Whether or not he was right is beside the point; what matters is that I would never have known to ask.

🗣️ Speaking — discussion

Context

  • In 2023–2024, several European destinations (Venice, Barcelona, Amsterdam, the Canary Islands) introduced tourist taxes, entry caps, or saw mass protests against overtourism.
  • Simultaneously, 'slow travel' has grown as a movement encouraging travelers to stay longer in fewer places, use trains instead of planes, and engage deeply with local culture rather than ticking off landmarks.
  • Locals in hotspots like Lisbon and Mallorca have staged demonstrations decrying rising rents and the 'Disneyfication' of their neighbourhoods due to short-term rentals and cruise ship crowds.
  • Meanwhile, remote-work-enabled 'digital nomads' have created new tensions in cities like Lisbon and Bali, where they are blamed for gentrification despite also being praised for boosting local economies.
  • This topic sits at the intersection of economics, environmental sustainability, cultural preservation, and personal travel ethics.

Themes

  • Overtourism vs Local Livelihoods — The tension between tourism revenue and its corrosive effects on housing, infrastructure, and community cohesion in popular destinations.
  • Authenticity and Commodification — Whether the pursuit of 'authentic' travel experiences paradoxically destroys the very authenticity travelers seek.
  • Environmental Cost of Mobility — The carbon footprint of air travel and cruise ships versus the promises of slower, lower-impact travel alternatives.
  • Privilege and Global Inequality — How the ability to travel, work remotely, or relocate reflects and reinforces global economic disparities.
  • Regulation vs Free Movement — The ethical and practical dilemmas of governments restricting tourist numbers or taxing visitors to protect local populations.

Personal Response

  1. Has a destination you visited ever felt 'ruined' by overtourism, and what specifically triggered that impression?
  2. Would you be willing to pay a substantial tourist tax if it demonstrably protected a city's heritage?

Themes & Ideas

  1. To what extent can tourism ever be genuinely 'sustainable', or is that phrase inherently a marketing paradox?
  2. Is the desire for 'authentic' experiences itself a symptom of the commodification of culture?

Critical Thinking

  1. If you were advising a city government, how would you balance the economic dependency on tourism against residents' quality of life?
  2. What unintended consequences might arise from capping tourist numbers or banning short-term rentals?

Cultural & Social Topics

  1. How does the influx of digital nomads differ, ethically, from traditional tourism or from historical patterns of migration?
  2. Should locals have a formal veto over how their neighbourhoods are marketed to outsiders?

Advanced (C1 level)

  1. Critically evaluate the argument that overtourism is fundamentally a failure of urban planning rather than of traveler behaviour.
  2. Construct a counter-argument to the claim that slow travel is merely an elitist alternative accessible only to those with time and financial privilege.

🎭 Classroom activity

Divide students into two groups: 'city council' and 'tourism board'. Each group must draft a policy proposal (with justifications) addressing overtourism in a fictional coastal city, then negotiate a compromise in a live debate.

✏️ Questions

  1. Had we booked our flights earlier, we ___ (secure) far cheaper tickets for the trip to Lisbon.
  2. By the time our train finally pulled into the station, we ___ (wait) on the platform for nearly three hours.
  3. The itinerary, along with all the hotel reservations and visa documents, ___ (be) ready well before our departure date.
  4. If the airline ___ (not cancel) our connecting flight, we would be relaxing on the beach right now instead of stuck in this airport lounge.
  5. Rarely ___ such breathtaking scenery as we did on that trek through the Andes.
  6. The tour group, exhausted after days of hiking, ___ (be) eager to reach the next village and rest.
  7. What prompted the author to reconsider their earlier scepticism about unplanned travel?
    • a) A friend's persuasive argument in favour of spontaneous travel
    • b) An unexpected four-day delay caused by a cancelled flight
    • c) A guidebook recommendation that turned out to be inaccurate
    • d) A deliberate decision to abandon a planned itinerary
  8. According to the second paragraph, what is the main drawback of following a fixed itinerary?
    • a) It is usually far more expensive than travelling without a plan
    • b) It exhausts travellers before they can appreciate their destination
    • c) It leads travellers to the same sights and thus a superficial impression
    • d) It prevents travellers from taking any photographs at all
  9. What does the author mean by 'productive slack' in the third paragraph?
    • a) Time deliberately left unplanned within an otherwise organised trip
    • b) A relaxed attitude towards missing important flights
    • c) The financial savings gained from careful trip planning
    • d) The extra luggage space kept free for souvenirs
  10. In context, what does the word 'interstices' (paragraph 3) most nearly mean?
    • a) Grand monuments and famous landmarks
    • b) Gaps or spaces between planned events
    • c) Formal arrangements made in advance
    • d) Disagreements between travel companions
  11. What can be inferred about the author's attitude towards the shopkeeper's claim that his tea was superior to any found in the capital?
    • a) The author found the claim irritating and dismissed it entirely
    • b) The author considers the truth of the claim irrelevant to its value as a memory
    • c) The author later verified the claim and found it accurate
    • d) The author regrets never having tried the tea in question
  12. Which statement best captures the overall message of the passage?
    • a) Travelling without any plan is always superior to organised travel
    • b) Meaningful travel experiences require expensive, well-researched itineraries
    • c) The most memorable travel moments often arise from unplanned, unscheduled time
    • d) Provincial towns offer better travel experiences than famous destinations

This lesson has 3 sections in total — including the full answer key.

See the full lesson — free Get Starter

Create your free account to read the whole lesson. Copying it and downloading PDF/Word is part of Starter.

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